Brough is a hamlet located within the civil parish of Collingham, 5km northeast of Newark near the county boundary with Lincolnshire. It lies on original route of the A46 (the Fosse Way) on the east side of the Trent Valley. The Church of St Stephen is a chapel built in 1885 on the west side of the road within earthworks defining the Roman town of Crococalana. The scheme of archaeological works included hand-excavation of four evaluation trial trenches (three trenches 5 x 1m, one trench 3.5m x 1m) within the boundary of the proposed development area. The four evaluation trenches were opened and backfilled, by hand. Their positions were then surveyed in using 30m tapes from the existing outline of the church building. Archaeological evaluation revealed the presence of extensive Roman dark earth layers from three trenches; all excavated within the churchyard. They consistently measured over 1m deep – overlying a poorly preserved stone surface in one trench and a stone rubble layer in another trench – with deeper, potentially more complex, stratigraphy observed only through hand-augering. The finds assemblage recovered comprised 297 sherds of later 2nd to 4th century pottery, 93 fragments of animal bone – including a Roman pin – 18 fragments of Roman building material, and seven iron nails.