An archaeological watching brief was undertaken during groundworks associated with the installation of a water pipeline between two sections of the A617, south of Kelham Hall, Kelham, Nottinghamshire. The most significant result from the watching brief is the identification of a former gateway or gatehouse fronting on to the modern A617. The date of this structure is not known and interpretation of the role of this feature in the historic landscape is problematic. It may be that the gateway is associated with an unknown Civil-War-era house or fortification. The gateway may represent an entrance to an unknown high-status dwelling, or an elaborate gate complex associated with lower status occupation, perhaps a farm. A brick and flagstone post-medieval drain was recorded from the west of the scheme. The drain may represent the overflow from a pond visible on historic mapping of 1847. Peat deposits possibly associated with this former pond (possibly a relict meander of the River Trent as identified by a previous geoarchaeological assessment) were excavated. An environmental sample taken from this peat deposit along with another from elsewhere on Site were assessed and found to have low potential for artefacts and ecofacts. A large ditch denoting the parish boundary between Kelham and Averham was excavated. A 20th-century brick path possibly representing a garden feature associated with Kelham Hall was also uncovered. Unstratified and residual Neolithic worked flints were recovered.