A scheme of archaeological monitoring and recording took place during refurbishment works at St Mary’s Church, Car Colston, Nottinghamshire. Archaeological supervision was required during the removal of limecrete floor and the replacement of the heating pipes in the tower, at the west end of the nave and the in south aisle because of the high potential for the survival of below-ground archaeology below the present interior floors. St Mary’s Church is a Grade I listed building situated to the north-east side of the modern village of Car Colston. The early place-name evidence hints at a church having been present by 1242, and possibly much earlier. The earliest surviving fabric in the church is the lower part of the tower of 13th century date. The nave must have pre-existed the tower but construction of the north and south aisles, and their arcades, in the mid-14th century have removed any above-ground evidence of earlier fabric. From the middle of the 14th until the middle of the 16th century the church belonged to Worksop Priory who built the present chancel and the rebuilt the upper part of the tower. Both aisles were presumably also built when the Priory took over the church. The chancel roof was repaired in 1844, and a major refit of 1882 included work on the nave, aisles, south porch, lecterns, and lamps. Two sondages were excavated by hand in the tower and at the west end of the south aisle. Both revealed a construction/levelling layer under the Victorian concrete flooring, which in the tower covered the remains of a possible stone hearth. A stone alignment was exposed but not further investigated along the southern wall of the church, which could possibly relate to an earlier construction phase. A mixed assemblage of finds dating from Medieval to modern was recovered, which included a Nuremburg Rose and Orb Jetton, a potsherd of C13th-15th and fragments of window glass possibly pertaining to the original church.