The site is located on the south side of Mansfield town centre, on a small trapezoidal island bracketed by Quaker Way, Quaker Lane, Queen Street and Queen Street Place. It was formerly occupied by the Queen’s Head public house. A scheme of archaeological monitoring and recording was undertaken during all construction groundworks, including the excavation of service trenches. This involved the excavation and cleaning of all archaeological features exposed; the recovery of artefactual or ecofactual remains, and detailed recording. The last identifiable remnants of the original building on the site are probably the bricks re-used in the corner wall section and ramp. Assessment confirms these to be 16th-18th century, although they were stratigraphically above another wall which has been dated as 19th-20th century, suggesting the re-use of older materials. Further potential for an earlier phase of occupation takes the form of a timber post that has been radiocarbon dated to 1641±34, however, the lack of anyother artefactual evidence from this date suggests that the materials were reused from an early structure nearby, but not necessarily within the site. Accepting the possibility for the reuse of some building materials, no artefacts or features pre-dating the early modern period were encountered during the monitoring and recording programme, suggesting that this plot of land was probably not occupied prior to the 18th or 19th century. The possible exception is the timber post, most likely of similar date to the reused bricks in the recorded structures. However, no further evidence was recovered from this period, suggesting possibly that the post itself may have derived from an earlier structure; alternatively indicating ephemeral use of the site during the 17th century. The two wells exposed close to the centre of the site are most likely to be the earliest in-situ features associated with sustained occupation of the area, along with the drain which ran northwards, away from the site under Queens Street. It is possible that this drain may be one of the earliest examples outside of London. An inn has stood on the site since at least 1819, almost certainly earlier, and the re-use of bricks and timber which pre-date this, potentially significantly so, suggests that an earlier building may have existed before the one first mapped in 1879, although no clear evidence for this was discovered. Most likely, following the Mansfield Breweries purchase of the building in 1887 it was re-built, completely altering the aspect of the building and moving it from Quaker way to Queens Street. The earlier building and its out houses are represented but it is the later building that is most clearly visible in the archaeology. It is likely that this building would have been one of the first to employ bricks from the Waingroves brick works in Butterly, later part of the hugely successful Butterly Company, now Heidelberg Cement. This building itself seems to have born witness to significant alterations in the mid 20th century, including the re-organisation of its cellars, no-doubt to aid in motorised deliveries. In addition to several modern pits and surfaces is a layer relating to the final demolition of the Queen’s Head, and the subsequent car park which occupied the site until 2010 when the present works began.