Archaeological monitoring and recording was carried out during the groundworks for an extension to the north side of Willoughby Primary School, Church Lane, Willoughby-on-the-Wolds, Nottinghamshire. The site lies close to the medieval church of St. Mary and All Saints, in the historic core of the village. The settlement is thought to have mid Saxon origins, with occupation continuing throughout the medieval period. One of the final battles of the English Civil War was fought just north of Willoughby in 1648. Two cobbled surfaces were recorded during this scheme of works. One, in the north-west corner of the plot, may date to the late medieval period. The other is related to brick foundations identified as a former school structure, dating to the mid 19th century. Further modern intrusion in the form of services and foundation trenches were also recorded.